
When a city loses a landmarked structure designed by two of the
world's most revered and influential architects, it's a heartbreak.
But when that structure also happens to have housed events so historical,
they have changed the face of an entire cultural landscape, it is
a tragedy. Such was the case on January 6, 2006, when fire gutted
the 115-year-old Pilgrim Baptist Church in Chicago's storied Bronzeville
neighborhood.
An Architectural Gem
Designed by Louis H. Sullivan and partner Dankmar Adler, the building
was originally a synagogue whose innovative architecture paid homage
to the progressive spirit of the Jewish Reform congregation, of
which Adler was a member. At the corner of 33rd Street and Indiana
Avenue it cut an imposing figure, a brawny block of limestone masonry
and rounded arches capped by a smaller block with a steeply pitched
roof. Its citadel demeanor worked in stark contrast to the splendor
it housed within - a spacious sanctuary exemplifying the genius
and aesthetics that were the trademarks of Sullivan and Adler, from
the horseshoe-shaped oak balcony to the intricately ornamented terra-cotta
panels. . .to the soaring, half-moon ceiling that was an acoustical
masterpiece.
The Birth of Gospel
In 1922, the synagogue became the Pilgrim Baptist Church, serving
as a welcoming beacon to African-Americans who were arriving from
the South in search of homes and jobs during the Great Migration
between World Wars I and II. Bronzeville began to flourish as a
business, cultural and social center for middle-class Blacks, and
it was during this time, in this Church, that jazz and blues artist
Thomas A. Dorsey gave rise to a new genre of music: Gospel was born.
Imagine the earth-moving vibrations emanating from the Church when
the voices of such Gospel icons as Mahalia Jackson and Sam Cooke
rang from the rafters!
Coming Full Circle
In the '50's and '60's the neighborhood began to change, becoming
poverty stricken and crime-ridden; membership of what once was a
thriving congregation dwindled down to a mere couple hundred. The
Church started showing signs of disrepair, triggering its designation
as a historic Chicago landmark in 1981. But by 2002, the Bronzeville
pendulum was back on the upswing with new construction and the renovating
of the grand homes of the Gilded Age. Restoration started on the
Church as well. And then came January 6th.
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